Mapuranga akasimba emapuranga, chimwe chezvinhu zvechinyakare zvinoshandiswa mukugadzira fenicha uye kushongedza kwezvivakwa, zvine zvinhu zvisingadzoreki zvemuviri uye kukosha kwekunaka nekuda kwechimiro chavo chakasiyana.Kusiyana nemapuranga ekugadzira, ayo anovakwa kuburikidza negluing uye lamination, mapuranga akasimba emapuranga anochengeta yekutanga kukura zviyo uye cellular chimiro chemuti. Ichi chivakwa chenyama chinoitika chinopa zvakakosha musimba, kugadzikana, uye kushamwaridzana kwezvakatipoteredza.
Kubva pakuona microscopic, mapuranga akasimba emapuranga anoumbwa nemasero asingaverengeki tubular, ayo anoumba uye anoronga zvakasikwa panguva yekukura kwemuti. Kureba kwakarongwa vascular masero ane basa rekutakura mvura, nepo transversely akagovaniswa huni fibers inopa yekutanga hurongwa hwekutsigira. Iyi anisotropic cellular arrangement inotsanangura kuti sei mapuranga akasimba achiratidza kusiyana kukuru kwezvimiro pamwe chete netsanga-makumi enguva dzakakura kusimba pazviyo pane kuyambuka tsanga. Microscopically, coniferous huni inoratidzira yunifomu uye yakajairwa kurongeka kwesero, nepo hardwood huni hunoratidza kuomarara kwevascular kugovera uye kukura mhete pateni. Iyi misiyano mikuru inopesvedzera zvakananga kushanda kwekupedzisira kwemapuranga akasimba emapuranga kubva kumarudzi akasiyana emiti.
Iwo macroscopic hunhu hwemabhodhi akasimba ehuni anonyanya kuratidzwa mune akajairwa matishu akadai sekukura mhete, pith, uye sapwood. Zvindori zvekukura zvindori zvemukati zvakaumbwa panguva yekukura kwemuti gore negore. Kuwanda kwavo uye kusiyana kwemavara hakusi kungonyora zera remuti asiwo kunokanganisa zvakananga maitiro ehuni uye maitiro ekugadzirisa. Kazhinji, mhete dzakakora uye dzakatsetseka dzekukura dzinoratidza kusimba uye kusimba kwepamusoro, nepo mhete dzakakura uye dzakapfupika dzinoratidza nzvimbo inokura yakanaka asi zvinhu zvakapfava. Iyo pith, iri pakati pehunde, inzvimbo isina kurongeka inoumbwa nemasero ekutanga. Ichi chikamu chezvinyorwa chinowanzoita kuti chigadziriswe uye chine simba rakaderera. Kusiyanisa pakati pe sapwood ne heartwood kwakakosha zvakaenzana. Sapwood ine ruvara rwakareruka uye ine hunyoro hwepamusoro, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kushanda; heartwood, kune rumwe rutivi, ine zvimwe zvekuwedzera, zvichikonzera ruvara rwakasviba uye kusimba kukuru.
Panyaya yekugadzira, kutendeseka kwemaitiro emapuranga akasimba emapuranga anonyanya kutsanangurwa nemabatirwo anoitwa matanda. Iyo yakajairika tangential sawing nzira inoburitsa yakanaka chevron tsanga asi ichinetseka nekusagadzikana, nepo quarter{1}}sawn nzira inoburitsa bhodhi rakagadzikana rine tsanga yakatwasuka. Kubatanidza zvigunwe-nzira inoshandiswa mukugadzira mapuranga akasimba emazuva ano, inorebesa kureba nekubatanidza zvidimbu zvehuni kumagumo, kuchengetedza huni hwakasimba uku ichinatsiridza kugadzikana. Laminated yakasimba huni tekinoroji inonyatso gadzirisa deformation inokonzerwa neanisotropy nekubatanidza uye kudzvanya akawanda akaturikidzana emapaneru matete perpendicular kune zviyo. Ichi tsvakiridzo yezvimiro inoita kuti mapaneru akasimba ehuni ashandiswe mufenicha yakakura.
Izvo zvimiro zvehuni dzakasimba mapaneru zvinotarisa zvakananga kuita kwavo. Iyo yakakwira-density cellular structure inopa mapaneru emapuranga akasimba mutoro wakanaka-kukwanisa kubereka, uye mapaneru akaomeswa zvakanaka ehuni anoratidza kugadzikana kwakanaka mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairika. Nekudaro, anisotropy yehuni yehuni inorevawo kuti kushandiswa zvisina kunaka kana shanduko yezvakatipoteredza kunogona kutungamirira kumatambudziko akadai sehondo nekutsemuka. Kunzwisisa maitiro ezvimiro zvehuni dzakasimba mapaneru zvinogona kubatsira kukwidziridza kusarudzwa kwemhando dzehuni uye nzira dzekugadzirisa. Semuyenzaniso, huni dzine simba rakawanda pamwe chete netsanga dzinogona kushandiswa kutakurisa-zvinhu zvinotakura, ukuwo huni dzine tsanga dzakanaka dzinogona kushandiswa pakushongedza. Nzira dzemazuva ano dzekugadzirisa huni, dzakadai sekurapa kupisa uye kupinza kwemakemikari, inoshandura microstructure yehuni kuti iwedzere hunyoro hwayo uye kudzivirira kwezvipembenene.
Kubva pakuona kwakasimba kwekusimudzira, chimiro chechisikigo chemapuranga akasimba anoita kuti ive imwe yezvakatipoteredza zvine hushamwari zvivakwa zvekuvaka. Sechishandiso chinogonekazve, huni hunotora kabhoni dhaibhoni uye inoburitsa okisijeni panguva yekukura kwayo, uye pores mune yayo cellular chimiro anogona zvakare kudzora hunyoro hwemukati. Nekushandiswa kwehunyanzvi hwekuomesa nekudzivirira-kuora, kugadzikana kwemapanela emazuva ano akasimba akavandudzwa, uye hupenyu hwawo hwesevhisi hunogona kusvika makumi emakore. Mune ramangwana, nekutsvakurudza kwakadzama pamusoro pehuni sero chimiro, isu tinotarisirwa kugadzira mapaneru ehuni akasimba ane mashandiro ari nani, anogona kuchengetedza kunaka kwawo kwechisikigo uku achisangana nezvinodiwa zvakasiyana zvehupenyu hwazvino.
